[ECCouncil] 312-50v13 - Ethical Hacker (CEH) Exam Dumps & Study Guide

Free [ECCouncil] 312-50v13 - Ethical Hacker (CEH) Practice Questions Preview

• Question 1

  In this form of encryption algorithm, every individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm?

  • A. IDEA
  • B. Triple Data Encryption Standard
  • C. AES
  • D. MD5 encryption algorithm

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer, B (Triple Data Encryption Standard).
  Reasoning: The question specifically mentions a 64-bit block size and the use of three 56-bit keys. Triple DES (3DES) precisely fits this description. 3DES works by applying the DES algorithm three times to each data block. It uses three separate keys (K1, K2, K3), each 56 bits long (plus 8 parity bits, totaling 64 bits each), effectively increasing the key size to enhance security compared to single DES. The process involves encrypting the data with K1, decrypting with K2, and then encrypting again with K3 (EDE – Encrypt-Decrypt-Encrypt). This process operates on 64-bit blocks of data.
  Reasons for not choosing the other options:

  • A. IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) uses a 128-bit key and operates on 64-bit blocks, which doesn't match the three-key requirement.
  • C. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) supports various key sizes (128, 192, or 256 bits) and operates on 128-bit blocks by default (although it can be configured for other block sizes), but it is not characterized by using three 56-bit keys.
  • D. MD5 (Message Digest 5) is a hashing algorithm, not an encryption algorithm. It produces a 128-bit hash value from an input of any size and doesn't involve keys or encryption/decryption processes.

• Question 2

  John is investigating web-application firewall logs and observers that someone is attempting to inject the following:
  
  What type of attack is this?

  • A. SQL injection
  • B. Buffer overflow
  • C. CSRF
  • D. XSS

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer, which is B (Buffer overflow).
  
  Reasoning:
  The provided code snippet shows an attempt to write data beyond the allocated memory buffer. The 'buff' array is declared to hold 10 elements (indexed 0 to 9). The code then attempts to write data to 'buff[10]', which is outside the bounds of the allocated memory. This is a classic example of a buffer overflow vulnerability.
  
  Why other options are incorrect:

  • A. SQL Injection: SQL injection involves inserting malicious SQL code into an application's database queries. The code snippet doesn't involve any database interaction, thus this option is incorrect.
  • C. CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery): CSRF exploits the trust that a website has in a user's browser. This attack tricks a user into unknowingly performing actions on a website while they are authenticated. The provided code snippet doesn't demonstrate any cross-site request manipulation.
  • D. XSS (Cross-Site Scripting): XSS involves injecting malicious scripts into websites viewed by other users. This usually happens when a web application uses user-supplied input without proper validation or encoding. The code snippet doesn't show any injection of scripts or web context manipulation.

  Citations:

  • Buffer Overflow Attack, https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Buffer_Overflow

• Question 3

  John, a professional hacker, performs a network attack on a renowned organization and gains unauthorized access to the target network. He remains in the network without being detected for a long time and obtains sensitive information without sabotaging the organization.
  Which of the following attack techniques is used by John?

  • A. Insider threat
  • B. Diversion theft
  • C. Spear-phishing sites
  • D. Advanced persistent threat

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer of D. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT).
  The reason for choosing APT is that the scenario describes a targeted and stealthy attack where the attacker (John) gains unauthorized access, remains undetected for a prolonged period, and extracts sensitive information without causing immediate damage. This aligns perfectly with the characteristics of an APT. An APT is defined by its advanced techniques, persistence, and focus on specific targets to achieve long-term objectives.
  The reasons for excluding other options are as follows:

  • A. Insider threat: This involves a malicious actor from within the organization, which is not indicated in the question. John is described as a "professional hacker" performing a network attack from the outside.
  • B. Diversion theft: This typically involves physical theft or the redirection of assets, which is not relevant to the described cyber attack scenario.
  • C. Spear-phishing sites: While spear-phishing *could* be a component of an APT, the question describes the attacker already having gained access and maintaining persistence, making APT a more comprehensive and accurate answer. Spear phishing is an initial attack vector, not the ongoing presence and data exfiltration.

  Therefore, based on the scenario's characteristics of unauthorized access, long-term undetected presence, and sensitive information extraction, APT is the most appropriate answer.

  Citations:

  • Advanced Persistent Threat (APT), https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/glossary

• Question 4

  You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following commands would result in a scan of common ports with the least amount of noise in order to evade IDS?

  • A. nmap -A - Pn
  • B. nmap -sP -p-65535 -T5
  • C. nmap -sT -O -T0
  • D. nmap -A --host-timeout 99 -T1

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer C.
  Reasoning:
  Option C, `nmap -sT -O -T0`, is the most suitable choice for evading IDS while scanning common ports. Here's why:

  • -sT (TCP Connect Scan): Establishes a full TCP connection, making it less stealthy than SYN scans but more reliable and less likely to be blocked entirely. However, in combination with other options, it becomes stealthier.
  • -O (OS Detection): Attempts to determine the operating system of the target, which can be useful for vulnerability assessment. While it adds some noise, it's valuable information.
  • -T0 (Paranoid Timing Template): This is the key to IDS evasion. It drastically slows down the scan, sending probes at very slow intervals (5 minutes per host), making it difficult for IDS to detect and flag the scan as malicious activity.

  The combination of these options provides a balance between information gathering and stealth, making it ideal for the scenario.
  Why other options are not suitable:
  

  • A. nmap -A -Pn: The `-A` option enables aggressive scanning, including OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute. This generates a lot of noise and is easily detected by IDS. `-Pn` disables host discovery, which might be useful in some situations, but doesn't directly contribute to IDS evasion in a port scan.
  • B. nmap -sP -p-65535 -T5: `-sP` is a ping scan, not a port scan. It discovers hosts on the network but does not scan ports. `-p-65535` attempts to ping every single port, which is counter to the instructions, and would create much more noise. `-T5` is the fastest timing template, which is the opposite of IDS evasion.
  • D. nmap -A --host-timeout 99 -T1: Like option A, `-A` enables aggressive scanning, creating significant noise. `--host-timeout 99` sets a time limit for scanning a host, which does not assist in IDS evasion. `-T1` is a slow timing template, but not as slow or effective as `-T0`.

  Therefore, option C offers the best combination of stealth and functionality for scanning common ports while attempting to evade IDS.

  
  Citations:

  • Nmap Timing and Performance, https://nmap.org/book/performance.html
  • Nmap Options, https://nmap.org/man/en/

• Question 5

  This wireless security protocol allows 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and cryptographic tools to protect sensitive data, such as GCMP-256, HMAC-SHA384, and ECDSA using a 384-bit elliptic curve.
  Which is this wireless security protocol?

  • A. WPA3-Personal
  • B. WPA3-Enterprise
  • C. WPA2-Enterprise
  • D. WPA2-Personal

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The suggested answer is B (WPA3-Enterprise) is correct.
  
  Reasoning:
  The question describes a wireless security protocol with 192-bit minimum-strength security and specific cryptographic tools like GCMP-256, HMAC-SHA384, and ECDSA using a 384-bit elliptic curve. WPA3-Enterprise is designed for organizations requiring higher security levels and utilizes more robust cryptographic methods compared to WPA3-Personal or the older WPA2 standards. The mentioned cryptographic tools align with the advanced security features of WPA3-Enterprise.
  
  Why other options are incorrect:
  

  • A. WPA3-Personal: While WPA3-Personal is an improvement over WPA2, it doesn't necessarily enforce the 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and the specific cryptographic tools (GCMP-256, HMAC-SHA384, and ECDSA with a 384-bit elliptic curve) mentioned in the question as strictly as WPA3-Enterprise does. WPA3-Personal is designed more for ease of use and compatibility with a wider range of devices.
  • C. WPA2-Enterprise: WPA2-Enterprise is an older standard and does not inherently support the 192-bit minimum-strength security or the specific cryptographic tools (GCMP-256, HMAC-SHA384, ECDSA with a 384-bit elliptic curve) described in the question. WPA3 was introduced to address vulnerabilities in WPA2 and to provide stronger security features.
  • D. WPA2-Personal: Similar to WPA2-Enterprise, WPA2-Personal is an older, less secure standard that lacks the advanced cryptographic capabilities mentioned in the question. It is also vulnerable to certain attacks that WPA3 was designed to mitigate.

• Question 6

  What are common files on a web server that can be misconfigured and provide useful information for a hacker such as verbose error messages?

  • A. httpd.conf
  • B. administration.config
  • C. php.ini
  • D. idq.dll

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  Based on the question and the discussion, the AI suggests that both options A and C can be correct, but option C (php.ini) is likely the better answer in this context, given its direct impact on PHP-based web applications and the provided citation.
  
  Reasoning:
  

  • Option A (httpd.conf): This is the main configuration file for the Apache HTTP Server. Misconfigurations, such as enabling verbose error messages or directory listing, can expose sensitive information. However, the question asks about files that can be "misconfigured and provide useful information for a hacker such as verbose error messages," and while httpd.conf can be misconfigured, its primary role isn't solely related to verbose error messages.
  • Option C (php.ini): This is the configuration file for PHP. If exposed or writable, attackers can modify settings to manipulate web application behavior, disable security features, or modify logging, potentially leading to significant vulnerabilities. The LinkedIn article cited highlights the dangers of exposing php.ini. Moreover, php.ini directly controls PHP error reporting, making it a prime candidate for verbose error message control.

  
  Why not other options:
  

  • Option B (administration.config): This file name is too generic. While configuration files exist for various administrative tools, this specific name isn't widely associated with a common web server component.
  • Option D (idq.dll): This is associated with Microsoft Indexing Service, which is not a core component of a typical web server in the context of the question, and less relevant to the scenario described.

  Therefore, although both A and C have merit, the AI believes C is the slightly stronger answer due to its direct control over PHP error reporting and the specific mention of php.ini exposure risks in the provided citation.

• Question 7

  Gerard, a disgruntled ex-employee of Sunglass IT Solutions, targets this organization to perform sophisticated attacks and bring down its reputation in the market. To launch the attacks process, he performed DNS footprinting to gather information about DNS servers and to identify the hosts connected in the target network. He used an automated tool that can retrieve information about DNS zone data including DNS domain names, computer names, IP addresses, DNS records, and network Whois records. He further exploited this information to launch other sophisticated attacks.
  What is the tool employed by Gerard in the above scenario?

  • A. Towelroot
  • B. Knative
  • C. zANTI
  • D. Bluto

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  Based on the question and discussion content, the AI agrees with the suggested answer of D. Bluto.
  
  Reasoning:
  The scenario describes an attacker, Gerard, performing DNS footprinting to gather information about a target organization. He uses a tool that can retrieve DNS zone data, including domain names, computer names, IP addresses, DNS records, and network Whois records. Bluto is a Python-based tool designed for DNS reconnaissance and information gathering, aligning perfectly with the scenario described in the question. It supports DNS zone transfer testing, brute-forcing, and enumeration, all of which fall under the umbrella of DNS footprinting.
  
  Why other options are incorrect:
  

  • A. Towelroot: Towelroot is an Android rooting tool and is irrelevant to DNS footprinting.
  • B. Knative: Knative is a platform for building and deploying serverless applications on Kubernetes. It is not related to DNS reconnaissance.
  • C. zANTI: zANTI is a mobile penetration testing toolkit primarily used for network assessments and vulnerability analysis on mobile devices. While it has network scanning capabilities, it isn't specifically tailored for comprehensive DNS footprinting like Bluto.

  Therefore, Bluto (Option D) is the most appropriate tool for the described DNS footprinting attack.

  • Citations:
    • Bluto - DNS Recon Tool, https://github.com/opsdisk/bluto
    • Towelroot - Android Rooting Tool, (No official website, information widely available on Android forums and tech sites)
    • Knative - Kubernetes-based platform to build, deploy, and manage modern serverless workloads, https://knative.dev/
    • zANTI - Mobile Penetration Testing Toolkit, (No official website, information available on cybersecurity resources and forums)

• Question 8

  Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he finds a list of hashed passwords.
  Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords?

  • A. Hashcat
  • B. John the Ripper
  • C. THC-Hydra
  • D. netcat

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer.
  The correct answer is D. netcat.
  Reasoning: Netcat is a versatile networking utility used for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP. It is primarily used for network debugging, exploration, and data transfer, and lacks password cracking capabilities.
  Why other options are incorrect:

  • A. Hashcat: Hashcat is a powerful password cracking tool that utilizes GPUs and CPUs to crack various types of hashes.
  • B. John the Ripper: John the Ripper is a popular open-source password cracking tool.
  • C. THC-Hydra: THC-Hydra is a parallelized login cracker which supports numerous protocols to attack.

  Therefore, since the question asks for a tool *not* useful for cracking hashed passwords, netcat is the correct choice.

  Citations:

  • Netcat, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat
  • Hashcat, https://hashcat.net/hashcat/
  • John the Ripper, https://www.openwall.com/john/
  • THC-Hydra, https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra

• Question 9

  Which of the following Google advanced search operators helps an attacker in gathering information about websites that are similar to a specified target URL?

  • A. [inurl:]
  • B. [info:]
  • C. [site:]
  • D. [related:]

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The suggested answer is D (related:).
  The 'related:' Google advanced search operator is designed to find websites that are similar to a specified target URL.
  The reason for choosing this answer is that it directly addresses the question's requirement of finding similar websites. The 'related:' operator specifically instructs Google to identify and list sites with content and themes akin to the target URL.
  The reasons for not choosing the other answers are:
  

  • 'inurl:' restricts the search to pages containing specific words in their URL. This is useful for finding specific content but not for discovering similar websites.
  • 'info:' provides information about a specific website, such as Google's cached version and other details, but doesn't find similar sites.
  • 'site:' limits the search to a specific website or domain. This is useful for searching within a specific site but not for finding similar sites across the web.

• Question 10

  You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client XYZ. You harvested two employees’ emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email.
  Which stage of the cyber kill chain are you at?

  • A. Reconnaissance
  • B. Weaponization
  • C. Command and control
  • D. Exploitation

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer, which is B. Weaponization.
  
  Reasoning: The scenario describes a penetration tester who has already gathered information (email addresses) and is now creating a client-side backdoor to deliver via email. According to the Cyber Kill Chain, weaponization is the stage where the attacker creates a malicious payload (the backdoor) and combines it with a delivery mechanism (email).
  
  Reasons for not choosing other answers:

  • A. Reconnaissance: Reconnaissance is the initial stage of information gathering. The penetration tester has already completed this stage by harvesting email addresses.
  • C. Command and Control: Command and control refers to establishing a communication channel with the compromised system, which hasn't happened yet.
  • D. Exploitation: Exploitation is the stage where the vulnerability is actively exploited. While sending a backdoor via email *could* lead to exploitation, the question focuses on the creation and preparation of the malicious payload, not the act of exploiting a vulnerability. The question describes creating and sending, which is part of the setup, not the actual execution of the exploit.

  The Cyber Kill Chain outlines the stages of a cyberattack, and this scenario aligns with the weaponization phase.

  Therefore, based on the information provided and the Cyber Kill Chain framework, Weaponization (B) is the most appropriate answer.

  Citations:

  • Cyber Kill Chain, https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/capabilities/cyber/cyber-kill-chain.html