[Fortinet] FCSS NST SE-7.4 - Network Security Support Engineer Exam Dumps & Study Guide

Free [Fortinet] FCSS NST SE-7.4 - Network Security Support Engineer Practice Questions Preview

• Question 1

  Refer to the exhibit, which shows the port1 interface configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for ICMP traffic.
  
  What happens to the session information if a routing change occurs that affects this session?

  • A. Only the interface and gateway information for dev=7 will be removed.
  • B. The session information will not change unless the current route has been removed from the routing table.
  • C. The session will be flagged as dirty but no route lookups will be performed.
  • D. Sessions involving port7 or port19 will not have their routing information flushed.

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer.
  
  Suggested Answer: B
  
  Reasoning:
  The session information will not change unless the current route has been removed from the routing table. FortiGate marks existing session routing information as persistent and only applies the modified routes to new sessions. If the current route is no longer present in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB), FortiGate flags the session as dirty and re-evaluates it. The key point here is that a routing change alone doesn't immediately invalidate existing sessions; the *specific* route being used by the session must be removed.
  
  Why other options are incorrect:

  • A: Only the interface and gateway information for dev=7 will be removed. - This is incorrect because a routing change doesn't automatically remove interface/gateway information unless the route utilizing that interface is removed.
  • C: The session will be flagged as dirty but no route lookups will be performed. - This is incorrect because if the route is impacted, FortiGate *will* perform new route lookups after flagging the session as dirty.
  • D: Sessions involving port7 or port19 will not have their routing information flushed. - This is incorrect, the routing information is tied to the routes, not the specific ports, unless the route involving these ports is modified/removed.

• Question 2

  Refer to the exhibit, which shows the modified output of the routing kernel.
  
  Which statement is true?

  • A. The egress interface associated with static route 8.8.8.8/32 is administratively up.
  • B. The default static route through 10.200.1.254 is not in the forwarding information base.
  • C. The default static route through port2 is in the forwarding information base.
  • D. The BGP route to 10.0.4.0/24 is not in the forwarding information base.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer of D.
  Reasoning: The output of the routing kernel shows the routes that are present in the routing table and which of these routes are installed in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB). The asterisk (*) symbol indicates the route currently used for forwarding traffic. Looking at the provided output, the BGP route to 10.0.4.0/24 does not have an asterisk (*), indicating that it is present in the routing table but is NOT in the FIB. Thus, option D is correct.
  Reasons for not choosing other options:

  • A: The static route 8.8.8.8/32 is not in the FIB, so we cannot determine if the egress interface is administratively up.
  • B: The default static route through 10.200.1.254 has the '*' indicator, meaning it IS in the FIB.
  • C: The default static route through port2 has the '*' indicator, meaning it IS in the FIB.

  This analysis is based on the understanding of how routing tables and FIBs work, as described in the Network Security Support Engineer 7.4 Study Guide.

  Suggested Answer: D

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer.

  The reason for choosing answer D is that the asterisk (*) indicates the FIB entries used for routing traffic. The BGP route to 10.0.4.0/24 does not have an asterisk, indicating it is not in the FIB.

  The reasons for not choosing other answers are:

  • A: The output does not provide enough information to determine the administrative status of the egress interface.
  • B: The default static route through 10.200.1.254 has an asterisk, indicating it is in the FIB.
  • C: The default static route through port2 has an asterisk, indicating it is in the FIB.

  Citations:

  • Network Security Support Engineer 7.4 Study Guide, page 384

• Question 3

  Refer to the exhibit.
  The exhibit shows the output from using the command diagnose debug application samld -1 to diagnose a SAML connection.
  
  Based on this output, what can you conclude?

  • A. Active Directory is used for authentication.
  • B. The authentication request is for an SSL VPN connection.
  • C. The IdP IP address is 10.1.10.254.
  • D. The IdP IP address is 10.1.10.2.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The suggested answer is D. The IdP IP address is 10.1.10.2.
  The AI agrees with the suggested answer. Based on the `diagnose debug application samld -1` output, the line `[131] saml_send_authn_request:1530-SAML authentication request send to 10.1.10.2` indicates that the SAML authentication request is being sent to the IP address 10.1.10.2. This makes it highly likely that 10.1.10.2 is the IP address of the Identity Provider (IdP).
  
  Here's why the other options are incorrect:

  • A. Active Directory is used for authentication: The output doesn't explicitly mention Active Directory. While SAML can be used with Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS), the output alone doesn't confirm this.
  • B. The authentication request is for an SSL VPN connection: The output doesn't directly indicate that the authentication is specifically for an SSL VPN. SAML can be used for various types of authentication, not just SSL VPN.
  • C. The IdP IP address is 10.1.10.254: The `saml_send_authn_request` line clearly shows the request being sent to 10.1.10.2, not 10.1.10.254.

• Question 4

  Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of the command get router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routes.
  
  What can you conclude from the output?

  • A. The BGP state of the two BGP participants is OpenConfirm.
  • B. The router ID of the neighbor is 100.64.2.254.
  • C. The BGP neighbor is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to the local router.
  • D. The local router is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its BGP neighbor.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer of D.
  Reasoning: The command `get router info bgp neighbors advertised-routes` displays the routes that the local router is advertising to the specified BGP neighbor. The output shows `10.20.30.40/24`, indicating that the local router is advertising this network to the neighbor `100.64.2.254`.
  Reasons for not choosing other options:

  • A: The output of the command does not directly provide information about the BGP state. The command focuses on advertised routes, not the BGP state (e.g., Idle, Connect, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established).
  • B: While `100.64.2.254` is the neighbor IP address, the command's output displays the routes advertised to that neighbor, not the neighbor's router ID. The router ID is a separate BGP configuration parameter.
  • C: The command `get router info bgp neighbors received-routes` would show the routes that the neighbor is advertising to the local router. This command shows routes advertised *by* the local router.

  In summary, the output confirms that the local router is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its BGP neighbor 100.64.2.254.

• Question 5

  Refer to the exhibit, which shows the partial output of a real-time OSPF debug.
   
  
  Why are the two FortiGate devices unable to form an adjacency?

  • A. The Hello packet is being sent from an OSPF router with ID 0.0.0.112.
  • B. The two FortiGate devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.
  • C. One FortiGate device is configured to require authentication, while the other is not.
  • D. The passwords on the FortiGate devices do not match.

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer of C. The debug output clearly shows "Authentication Key Mismatch". This indicates that one FortiGate is configured to require authentication, while the other is not, or they are using different authentication keys.
  Reasoning:
  The debug output provides key information to diagnose the OSPF adjacency failure. The relevant parts of the output are:

  • "Check Authentication Key" - This line suggests the FortiGate is configured to perform authentication checks.
  • "Authentication Key Mismatch" - This explicit error message is the strongest indicator that the authentication configuration is the root cause of the adjacency failure. It means one device expects authentication while the other doesn't provide it, or both expect authentication but with different keys.

  Reasons for not choosing other answers:
  

  • A: "The Hello packet is being sent from an OSPF router with ID 0.0.0.112." - The router ID itself isn't inherently a problem unless it's conflicting with another router ID on the network. The debug output doesn't indicate a router ID conflict.
  • B: "The two FortiGate devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0." - Being in area 0.0.0.0 (the backbone area) is a standard configuration and not usually a cause for adjacency failure, unless there are other underlying issues. The debug output does not indicate a problem with the OSPF area.
  • D: "The passwords on the FortiGate devices do not match." - While password mismatch is a valid authentication problem, the specific error "Authentication Key Mismatch" from the debug suggests a more fundamental problem than simply incorrect passwords. It suggests a discrepancy in whether authentication is enabled and the type of authentication configured.

  In summary, the "Authentication Key Mismatch" error strongly points to a misconfiguration in OSPF authentication between the two FortiGate devices, making option C the most likely cause of the adjacency failure.

  Citations:

  • Troubleshooting OSPF, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/7039-1.html
  • OSPF Authentication, https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/ospf-authentication

• Question 6

  Refer to the exhibit, which shows one way communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
  
  What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)

  • A. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
  • B. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
  • C. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way.
  • D. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
  • E. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.

  Correct Answer: ACD

  Explanation:

  The AI assistant agrees with the suggested answer of ACD.
  The reasons for choosing ACD are:

  • A: You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate. This is a mandatory step to establish a Security Fabric. The root FortiGate needs to explicitly trust and authorize the downstream FortiGate to join the fabric.
  • C: Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way. Port 8013 is the standard port used for FortiTelemetry, which is the protocol used for Security Fabric communication. If this port is blocked by a firewall or other network device, the FortiGates will not be able to communicate.
  • D: You must enable Security Fabric/FortiTelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate. The upstream FortiGate needs to listen for FortiTelemetry connections on the interface connected to the downstream FortiGate. Enabling Security Fabric/FortiTelemetry on the interface allows it to accept these connections.

  
  The reasons for not choosing the other options are:

  • B: FortiGate must not be in NAT mode. While NAT can sometimes complicate Security Fabric setup, it's not a strict requirement that FortiGates *cannot* be in NAT mode. The key is proper configuration.
  • E: Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed. Neighbor Discovery typically isn't a user-configurable setting critical for basic Security Fabric connectivity; the default settings usually suffice unless there's a specific conflict. The main communication relies on FortiTelemetry over port 8013.

  Therefore, ACD are the three most important actions to take to ensure successful communication.

• Question 7

  Refer to the exhibit, which shows the partial output of FortiOS kernel slabs.
  
  Which statement is true?

  • A. The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space.
  • B. The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.
  • C. The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.
  • D. The total slab size of the tcp_session slab is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer, which is option D.

  Reasoning:
  Based on the exhibit and the provided information, we need to determine which statement about the kernel slabs is true. The kernel slabs are collections of objects with a common purpose and are used by the kernel to store information in memory. The key is to correctly interpret the provided exhibit (image_0.png - not directly available, but the analysis hinges on its content). Since the image is not accessible, we must rely on the presumed information that the "tcp_session" slab, according to the image, has a size of 7500 kB and that this slab is associated with the kernel.

  The discussion and general understanding of kernel memory management support the answer that the tcp_session slab is associated with the kernel, and assuming the exhibit shows its size as 7500kB, option D is correct.

  Reasons for not choosing other options:

  • A. The statement regarding the sctp_session slab being 0kB and associated with user space is likely incorrect because session management is generally handled by the kernel, and 0kB would indicate no allocation. The exhibit would need to support this.
  • B. The statement regarding the ip_session slab being 3600kB and associated with user space is likely incorrect for the same reasons as A; session management occurs in the kernel space. The exhibit would need to support this.
  • C. The statement regarding the ip6_session slab being 1300kB and associated with the kernel *could* be correct if the exhibit showed this, however, based on the suggested answer and affirmation from the discussion, option D is more likely based on the information provided.

  Since option D aligns with general principles and the presumed information from the exhibit regarding tcp_session slabs being related to the kernel and having a specified size, it is the most plausible answer.

  Citations:

  • Kernel memory slabs - Based on internet discussion, the kernel memory slabs are collections of objects with a common purpose and are used by the kernel to store information in memory.

• Question 8

  Refer to the exhibit, which a network topology and a partial routing table.
  
  FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
  Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?

  • A. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
  • B. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode.
  • C. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
  • D. Modify the default gateway on the laptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2.

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation:

  The suggested answer is A. The AI agrees with the suggested answer (A).
  Reasoning:
  The problem describes a scenario where ICMP traffic from 10.1.0.1/24 (laptop) to 10.4.0.1/24 (server) is allowed via a firewall policy from port1 to port3. However, the echo reply from the server back to the laptop is not being received. Based on the topology, the traffic from the laptop (10.1.0.1) will enter FortiGate through port1 and exit through port3 to reach the server (10.4.0.1). The return traffic from the server (10.4.0.1) will enter FortiGate through port2 and exit through port1 to reach the laptop (10.1.0.1). This is asymmetric routing.
  When asymmetric routing is disabled, FortiGate expects traffic to return on the same interface it exited. Because the return traffic comes in on a different interface (port2 instead of port3), FortiGate might drop the traffic. Enabling asymmetric routing allows FortiGate to accept return traffic on a different interface, resolving the issue.
  Why other options are incorrect:
  * **B. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode:** RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) checks are used to prevent IP address spoofing and network loops. While RPF checks can sometimes interfere with asymmetric routing, the core issue here is that FortiGate needs to be explicitly configured to allow asymmetric routing. Simply changing the RPF check mode might not solve the problem and could introduce security risks.
  * **C. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1:** While a firewall policy from port3 to port1 might be necessary in some scenarios, it doesn't address the fundamental issue of asymmetric routing. The return traffic enters on port2, not port3. Creating a policy from port3 to port1 will not solve the problem.
  * **D. Modify the default gateway on the laptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2:** Changing the default gateway on the laptop would break connectivity for other traffic originating from the laptop. The laptop's default gateway (10.1.0.2) is correct based on the provided topology. Changing it to 10.2.0.2 would route traffic to an incorrect subnet, and it doesn't address the asymmetric routing issue.
  Therefore, the correct solution is to enable asymmetric routing under system settings.

  • Fortinet Document:
    https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.4.0/administration-guide/256775/asymmetric-routing

• Question 9

  What are two functions of automation stitches? (Choose two.)

  • A. You can configure automation stitches on any FortiGate device in a Security Fabric environment.
  • B. You can configure automation stitches to execute actions sequentially by taking parameters from previous actions as input for the current action.
  • C. You can set an automation stitch configured to execute actions in parallel to insert a specific delay between actions.
  • D. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds.

  Correct Answer: BD

  Explanation:

  The AI recommends the answer BD.
  Reasoning: Automation stitches in Fortinet devices are designed to automate responses to specific events or triggers. Options B and D accurately reflect the capabilities of automation stitches. Option B highlights the ability to chain actions sequentially, using outputs from one action as inputs for the next. Option D correctly describes the capability to run diagnostic commands and include the results in an email when certain thresholds (like CPU or memory usage) are exceeded. These are core functions of automation stitches.
  Reasoning for not choosing other options: Option A is incorrect because while automation stitches can be used in a Security Fabric, they are not available on *any* FortiGate device; certain models or firmware versions may be required. Option C is incorrect because automation stitches configured to execute actions in parallel typically do not have a feature to insert a specific delay between actions. Parallel execution implies simultaneous or near-simultaneous execution, not staggered execution with delays.
  The suggested answer BD aligns with the described functionality in Fortinet documentation, as evidenced by the provided references. The suggestion of option BC appears to be less appropriate.

  • B. You can configure automation stitches to execute actions sequentially by taking parameters from previous actions as input for the current action. - Correct
  • D. You can create automation stitches to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to an email message when CPU or memory usage exceeds specified thresholds. - Correct

  Citations:

  • Network_Security_Support_Engineer_7.4_Study_Guide Pagina 139, [No Public URL Available, Document Reference Only]
  • Enterprise_Firewall_7.2_Study Page 76, [No Public URL Available, Document Reference Only]

• Question 10

  Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial configuration of an IPsec VPN configuration.
  
  After reviewing the configuration, what can you conclude about the IPsec VPN Phase 1 setup?

  • A. The VPN is configured using IKEv2.
  • B. Dead Peer Detection is disabled.
  • C. The VPN is configured with DHCP over IPsec.
  • D. The tunnel is configured as a route-based VPN.

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  The AI agrees with the suggested answer, which is C. The VPN is configured with DHCP over IPsec.
  
  Reasoning:
  The configuration snippet shows settings related to IP address assignment within the IPsec tunnel: specifically, `set type dynamic`, `set ipv4-start-ip`, and `set ipv4-end-ip`. These parameters strongly suggest that the VPN is configured to dynamically assign IP addresses to clients connecting to the tunnel. This functionality is typically associated with DHCP over IPsec, where the VPN server acts as a DHCP server to provide IP addresses, subnet masks, and other network configuration information to remote clients. This setup is commonly used for remote access VPNs where clients need to obtain an IP address from a pool managed by the VPN gateway.
  
  Reasons for not choosing the other options:

  • A. The VPN is configured using IKEv2: While the configuration doesn't explicitly rule out IKEv2, the provided snippet doesn't contain any specific IKEv2 configurations. Therefore, we cannot definitively conclude that IKEv2 is being used based solely on this information. IKE version is usually configured under `config vpn ipsec phase1-interface`.
  • B. Dead Peer Detection is disabled: The configuration doesn't provide any information to confirm or deny this. DPD settings are generally configured within the Phase 1 or Phase 2 settings.
  • D. The tunnel is configured as a route-based VPN: The snippet does not show how the tunnel is used, whether policies use the tunnel interface as destination, or if static routes exist using the tunnel as gateway. Therefore, we cannot conclude that it is route-based VPN.

  Citations:
  

  • Fortinet Documentation, https://docs.fortinet.com/