[Microsoft] AZ-400 - DevOps Engineer Expert Exam Dumps & Study Guide

Free [Microsoft] AZ-400 - DevOps Engineer Expert Practice Questions Preview

• Question 1

  You are configuring project metrics for dashboards in Azure DevOps.
  You need to configure a chart widget that measures the elapsed time to complete work items once they become active.
  Which of the following is the widget you should use?
  

  • A. Cumulative Flow Diagram
  • B. Burnup
  • C. Cycle time
  • D. Burndown

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  The recommended answer is C. Cycle time.
  Reasoning: The question specifically asks for a widget that measures the elapsed time to complete work items once they become active. Cycle time is the metric that directly measures the time a work item spends in the "In Progress" or "Active" state until it is completed.
  Reasons for not choosing other options:

  • A. Cumulative Flow Diagram: This diagram visualizes the flow of work items through different states over time. While it provides insights into lead time and bottlenecks, it doesn't directly measure the elapsed time for individual work items from active to completed.
  • B. Burnup: This chart tracks the amount of work completed over time against the total scope. It shows progress but does not focus on the cycle time of individual work items.
  • D. Burndown: This chart displays the remaining work over time. Similar to Burnup charts, it does not provide the cycle time measurement for work items.

  Therefore, Cycle time is the most suitable widget for this scenario.

  Citations:

  • Azure DevOps Documentation on Cycle Time, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/boards/boards/cycle-time?view=azure-devops

• Question 2

  You need to consider the underlined segment to establish whether it is accurate.
  The Burnup widget measures the elapsed time from creation of work items to their completion.
  Select `No adjustment required` if the underlined segment is accurate. If the underlined segment is inaccurate, select the accurate option.
  

  • A. No adjustment required.
  • B. Lead time
  • C. Test results trend
  • D. Burndown

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The most accurate answer is B. Lead time.
  Reasoning: Lead time specifically measures the elapsed time from the creation of a work item to its completion. This aligns directly with the description provided in the question. A burnup chart, on the other hand, visualizes the amount of work completed over time and the total scope of the project, not the elapsed time for individual work items.
  Reasons for not choosing the other options:

  • A. No adjustment required: This is incorrect because the original statement is inaccurate.
  • C. Test results trend: This refers to the performance and stability of code over a period, which is not related to work item completion time.
  • D. Burndown: A burndown chart tracks the remaining work over time, not the elapsed time for completing individual items.

  Based on the definition and common usage in project management and Azure DevOps, lead time is the most appropriate choice.

  • Lead Time and Cycle Time, https://www.visual-paradigm.com/scrum/lead-time-vs-cycle-time/
  • Azure DevOps Documentation, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/boards/index?view=azure-devops

• Question 3

  You are making use of Azure DevOps manage build pipelines, and also deploy pipelines.
  The development team is quite large, and is regularly added to.
  You have been informed that the management of users and licenses must be automated when it can be.
  Which of the following is a task that can't be automated?
  

  • A. Group membership changes
  • B. License assignment
  • C. Assigning entitlements
  • D. License procurement

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The task that can't be automated is D. License procurement.
  
  Reasoning:
  License procurement typically involves negotiations, contracts, and purchasing processes with Microsoft or other vendors. This process requires human intervention and cannot be fully automated through Azure DevOps.
  
  The other options can be automated using various Azure DevOps and Azure Active Directory features:
  

  • A. Group membership changes: Can be automated using Azure Active Directory groups and dynamic rules, which can then be synchronized with Azure DevOps.
  • B. License assignment: Can be automated using Azure Active Directory group-based licensing.
  • C. Assigning entitlements: Entitlements in Azure DevOps (like access levels) can be assigned automatically based on group membership.

  Therefore, license procurement stands out as the task that inherently requires manual steps and cannot be fully automated using Azure DevOps tools.

  • Azure DevOps Documentation, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/
  • Azure Active Directory Documentation, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/

• Question 4

  You have been tasked with strengthening the security of your team's development process.
  You need to suggest a security tool type for the Continuous Integration (CI) phase of the development process.
  Which of the following is the option you would suggest?
  

  • A. Penetration testing
  • B. Static code analysis
  • C. Threat modeling
  • D. Dynamic code analysis

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The best option for suggesting a security tool type for the Continuous Integration (CI) phase is B. Static code analysis.
  
  Reasoning:
  The CI phase is focused on integrating code changes frequently. Static code analysis is designed to examine the source code for potential vulnerabilities without executing the code. This makes it ideal for catching issues early in the development lifecycle, before they are integrated into the main codebase. This early detection helps in preventing security flaws from propagating further and reduces the cost and effort required for remediation.
  
  Reasons for not choosing the other options:

  • A. Penetration testing: Penetration testing is typically performed on a running application in a test or production environment to simulate real-world attacks. It is not suitable for the CI phase, which deals with code integration and building.
  • C. Threat modeling: Threat modeling is a process of identifying potential security threats and vulnerabilities in a system or application. While important for security, it is more of a design and planning activity rather than a tool for the CI phase.
  • D. Dynamic code analysis: Dynamic code analysis involves analyzing code while it is running, typically in a test environment. While valuable for finding certain types of vulnerabilities, it is not as well-suited for the CI phase as static analysis because it requires a running application.

  • Static Analysis, https://owasp.org/www-community/index.php/Static_Code_Analysis
  • Continuous Integration, https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-continuous-integration

• Question 5

  Your company is currently making use of Team Foundation Server 2013 (TFS 2013), but intend to migrate to Azure DevOps.
  You have been tasked with supplying a migration approach that allows for the preservation of Team Foundation Version Control changesets dates, as well as the changes dates of work items revisions. The approach should also allow for the migration of all TFS artifacts, while keeping migration effort to a minimum.
  You have suggested upgrading TFS to the most recent RTW release.
  Which of the following should also be suggested?
  

  • A. Installing the TFS kava SDK
  • B. Using the TFS Database Import Service to perform the upgrade.
  • C. Upgrading PowerShell Core to the latest version.
  • D. Using the TFS Integration Platform to perform the upgrade.

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The best approach for migrating from TFS 2013 to Azure DevOps while preserving changeset dates, work item revision dates, and minimizing effort is: B. Using the TFS Database Import Service to perform the upgrade.

  Reasoning:
  The TFS Database Import Service is specifically designed for migrating TFS collections to Azure DevOps Services. It ensures that historical data, including changeset dates and work item revision dates, is preserved during the migration. The question specified to keep migration efforts to a minimum, and the Database Import Service is the recommended method for achieving this. Upgrading TFS to a supported version is a prerequisite for using the Database Import Service, aligning with the initial suggestion of upgrading to the latest RTW release.

  Reasons for not choosing the other options:

  • A. Installing the TFS kava SDK: The TFS SDK provides tools for interacting with TFS programmatically, but it is not directly involved in the migration process itself. It doesn't address the specific requirements of preserving historical data during migration. Also, the term "kava SDK" is not standard terminology for TFS/Azure DevOps SDKs.
  • C. Upgrading PowerShell Core to the latest version: While PowerShell is a valuable tool for scripting and automation in Azure DevOps, it is not the primary method for migrating TFS databases. It might be used for pre-migration or post-migration tasks, but not for the core data migration process.
  • D. Using the TFS Integration Platform to perform the upgrade: The TFS Integration Platform is a deprecated tool that was primarily used for synchronizing data between different TFS instances. It is not the recommended approach for migrating to Azure DevOps Services, and it is less likely to preserve historical data accurately compared to the Database Import Service.

  The Database Import Service is the officially supported and recommended method for migrating TFS collections to Azure DevOps Services while preserving data fidelity and minimizing effort.

  Citations:

  • Migrate data from Azure DevOps Server to Azure DevOps Services, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/migrate/migration-overview?view=azure-devops

• Question 6

  DRAG DROP -
  You have an on-premises Bitbucket Server with a firewall configured to block inbound Internet traffic. The server is used for Git-based source control.
  You intend to manage the build and release processes using Azure DevOps. This plan requires you to integrate Azure DevOps and Bitbucket.
  Which of the following will allow for this integration? Answer by dragging the correct options from the list to the answer area.
  Select and Place:
  
  

  Correct Answer: See interactive view.

  Explanation:

  Based on the question's requirements and the discussion summary, the recommended approach to integrate Azure DevOps with an on-premises Bitbucket server behind a firewall is to use a combination of a self-hosted agent and an external Git service connection.
  
  The correct answer is:
  [Self-hosted agent] + [External Git service connection]
  
  Reasoning:
  The self-hosted agent is required because the Bitbucket server is behind a firewall that blocks inbound internet traffic. Azure DevOps-hosted agents would not be able to directly access the Bitbucket server. A self-hosted agent, running within the on-premises network, can access the Bitbucket server and communicate with Azure DevOps over an outbound connection, which is typically allowed by firewalls.
  
  An external Git service connection is necessary to establish a secure and authenticated connection between Azure DevOps and the Bitbucket repository. This connection allows Azure DevOps to access the repository for tasks such as triggering builds, fetching code, and reporting status.
  
  Why other options are not suitable:
  While other mechanisms exist for integrating services, they are not appropriate in this specific scenario.
  

  • Service hooks: As mentioned in the discussion, service hooks are designed primarily for Bitbucket in the cloud, not for on-premises instances behind a firewall. They rely on Bitbucket being publicly accessible, which is not the case here.
  • Azure App Service: Azure App Service is a platform for hosting web applications and APIs and isn't directly involved in establishing a Git repository connection.

  
  

  Therefore, to achieve reliable and secure integration between Azure DevOps and the on-premises Bitbucket server, the combination of a self-hosted agent and an external Git service connection is the most appropriate solution.

  
  

  Citations:

  • Azure Pipelines agents, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/agents/agents?view=azure-devops&tabs=browser
  • Connect to Bitbucket Cloud, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/repos/bitbucket?view=azure-devops&tabs=yaml

• Question 7

  You are currently developing a project for a client that will be managing work items via Azure DevOps.
  You want to make sure that the work item process you use for the client allows for requirements, change requests, risks, and reviews to be tracked.
  Which of the following is the option you would choose?
  

  • A. Basic
  • B. Agile
  • C. Scrum
  • D. CMMI

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  The recommended answer is D. CMMI.
  The reason for choosing CMMI is that it provides work item types specifically designed to track requirements, change requests, risks, and reviews. This aligns directly with the client's needs for managing these aspects of their project within Azure DevOps.
  Here's why the other options are not as suitable:

  • A. Basic: The Basic process is designed for simple tracking and doesn't include specific work item types for requirements, change requests, risks, or reviews.
  • B. Agile: Agile primarily focuses on user stories and tasks, which are suitable for iterative development but lack the specific tracking capabilities for requirements, change requests, and risks. Agile might handle reviews through tasks or user story acceptance criteria, but it's not explicitly built-in.
  • C. Scrum: Scrum uses product backlog items, sprints, and tasks. While it is good for managing product development, it doesn't natively support the detailed tracking of requirements, change requests, risks, and reviews as required by the client.

  Therefore, CMMI is the most appropriate choice because it includes the necessary work item types to fulfill the client's tracking requirements.

  • Azure DevOps Work Item Processes, learn.microsoft.com

• Question 8

  Note: The question is included in a number of questions that depicts the identical set-up. However, every question has a distinctive result. Establish if the solution satisfies the requirements.
  You run the Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode command in your company's environment.
  You need to make sure that your company's test servers remain correctly configured, regardless of configuration drift.
  Solution: You set the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyOnly.
  Does the solution meet the goal?
  

  • A. Yes
  • B. No

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The suggested answer is B (No).
  The solution does not meet the goal because setting the `-ConfigurationMode` parameter to `ApplyOnly` will apply the configuration once, but it will not monitor or correct any configuration drift.
  To ensure that the test servers remain correctly configured regardless of configuration drift, the `-ConfigurationMode` parameter should be set to `ApplyAndAutoCorrect`. ApplyAndAutoCorrect mode applies the initial configuration and then periodically checks for and automatically corrects any deviations from the desired state. This ensures ongoing compliance.
  Choosing `ApplyOnly` would leave the servers vulnerable to configuration drift over time, thus failing to meet the requirement.

  • Reason for choosing "No": The `ApplyOnly` configuration mode does not remediate configuration drift.
  • Reason for not choosing "Yes": The `ApplyOnly` configuration mode does not ensure continuous compliance.

  • Configuration Modes in DSC, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/dsc/concepts/configurations#configuration-modes

• Question 9

  Note: The question is included in a number of questions that depicts the identical set-up. However, every question has a distinctive result. Establish if the solution satisfies the requirements.
  You run the Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode command in your company's environment.
  You need to make sure that your company's test servers remain correctly configured, regardless of configuration drift.
  Solution: You set the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyAndMonitor.
  Does the solution meet the goal?
  

  • A. Yes
  • B. No

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  The suggested answer is B (No).
  The reason for this is because: the ConfigurationMode parameter set to ApplyAndMonitor will not ensure that the test servers remain correctly configured regardless of configuration drift. ApplyAndMonitor only reports discrepancies but does not automatically correct them. To achieve automatic correction, the ConfigurationMode parameter should be set to ApplyAndAutocorrect.
  The reason for not selecting 'Yes' is: because 'ApplyAndMonitor' does not automatically correct configuration drift. It only monitors and logs discrepancies. To maintain the desired configuration, automatic correction is required, making 'ApplyAndAutocorrect' the correct configuration mode.

  Citations:

  • Desired State Configuration, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/dsc/overview?view=dsc-1.1

• Question 10

  Note: The question is included in a number of questions that depicts the identical set-up. However, every question has a distinctive result. Establish if the solution satisfies the requirements.
  You run the Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode command in your company's environment.
  You need to make sure that your company's test servers remain correctly configured, regardless of configuration drift.
  Solution: You set the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyAndAutocorrect.
  Does the solution meet the goal?
  

  • A. Yes
  • B. No

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation:

  The recommended answer is A. Yes.
  Reasoning: The question requires that the company's test servers remain correctly configured, regardless of configuration drift. The ApplyAndAutocorrect configuration mode in Azure Automation DSC is designed to address exactly this requirement. It ensures that the configuration is applied initially and then periodically checks for and corrects any deviations from the desired state.
  Here's a breakdown:

  • ApplyAndAutocorrect: This mode not only applies the initial configuration but also actively monitors for configuration drift and automatically corrects it to maintain the desired state. This aligns directly with the requirement to ensure servers remain correctly configured despite drift.

  Why other options are not suitable:

  • ApplyOnly: This mode applies the configuration only once. If any drift occurs after the initial application, it will not be corrected automatically. Therefore, it does not satisfy the requirement of maintaining correct configuration regardless of drift.

  
  Therefore, setting the -ConfigurationMode parameter to ApplyAndAutocorrect directly addresses the problem statement, making option A (Yes) the correct answer.

  
  Citation:

  • Azure Automation State Configuration Overview, https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/automation/automation-dsc-overview